THE world's largest cheetah which roamed the earth more than one million years ago weighed as much as a gorilla.
Scientists who examined fossils of the hefty 420lb cat initially misidentified the remains as belonging to a prehistoric hyena.
The species, Acinonyx pleistocaenicus, roamed Eurasia from about 1.3 million to 500,000 years ago, said researchers.[/caption]
The world's largest-ever cheetah species was more than three times as heavy as modern cheetahs (above).[/caption]
Cheetahs are known for their elongated vertebrate, slender limbs and their ability to swiftly pursue prey across open terrain.[/caption]
The acinonyx pardinensis, above, is another extinct species of big cat and its closest living relative is the modern cheetah.[/caption]
Researchers have described their findings on the acinonyx pleistocaenicus in the May 15 edition of the journal Quaternary Science Reviews.
It roamed Eurasia from around 1.3 million to 500,000 years ago – when it became extinct.
They said the massive early Middle Pleistocene cheetah from eastern Asia has shed light onto the evolution of the closest living relative of the modern cheetah, the acinonyx pardinensis, in Eurasia.
“New materials identified as acinonyx pleistocaenicus represent the latest and largest-sized member of the species,” the researchers said.
“The fossil record of cheetahs in eastern Asia is remarkably scarce and predominantly fragmented.”
CAVE DISCOVERY
Fossils of the giant cheetah – part of a lower jawbone – were first discovered in 1925.
The scientists conducted further research on these fossils.
They also reported on the discovery of two mandibles – the lower part of the jaw and part of the mouth – which were found in a cave in Liaoning Province, China.
A partial skull found in a cave during the 1930s in China, which had previously been identified as belonging to a hyena, “is also recognized to belong to acinonyx,” the findings said.
“These materials offer crucial new information about the evolution of acinonyx during the Middle Pleistocene.”
A timeline of life on Earth
The history of the planet in years…
- 4.6billion years ago – the origin of Earth
- 3.8 billion years ago – first life appears on Earth
- 2.1billion years ago – lifeforms made up of multiple cells evolved
- 1.5 billion years ago – eukaryotes, which are cells that contain a nucleus inside their membranes, emerge
- 550 million years ago – first arthropods evolved
- 530 million years ago – first fish appeared
- 470 million years ago – first land plants appeared
- 380 million years ago – forests emerge on Earth
- 370 million years ago – first amphibians emerged from the water onto land
- 320 million years ago – earliest reptiles evolved
- 230 million years ago – dinosaurs evolved
- 200 million years ago – mammals appear
- 150 million years ago – earliest birds evolved
- 130 million years ago – first flowering plants
- 100 million years ago – earliest bees
- 55 million years ago – hares and rabbits appeared
- 30 million years ago – first cats evolved
- 20 million years ago – great apes evolved
- 7 million years ago – first human ancestors appeared
- 2 million years ago – Homo erectus appears
- 300,000 years ago – Homo sapiens evolves
- 50,000 years ago – Eurasia and Oceania colonized
- 40,000 years ago – Neandethal extinction
They estimated the cheetah's weight based on the length of its skull, height of the molar tooth and width of the bony structure that links the skull and spine, explained Live Science.
“All three (more recently found) specimens date to around 780,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago), the website added.
“They found A. pleistocaenicus likely weighed more than 290 lbs (130 kg) and could reach 420 lbs (190 kg).”
BIG HEAD
The latter weight is the equivalent of a hefty adult female gorilla.
By comparison, modern African adult cheetahs weigh 75 to 140 lbs (34 to 64 kg), according to Smithsonian's National Zoo.
A. pleistocaenicus had a broad skull, a “robust” snout, and well-developed canine teeth.
They also found that the massive cheetahs shared characteristics with modern African cheetahs.
“For example, the arrangement of the giant cheetah's teeth and the bony space behind the nose match those uniquely seen in modern cheetahs,” said Live Science.
Its extinction was probably affected by climate change that occurred during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, said Qigao Jiangzuo, a paleontologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
“We hope our study can provide more information on the evolution and dispersal of the cheetah, highlighting the past success of this amazing lineage of cat in Eurasia,” Jiangzuo told the website.
